ENVIS Centre: Tripura State Pollution Control Board

The demand for energy both for domestic and agriculture, as also for industrial sectors increase with expanding development activities and population. The major share of organised energy production is based on Thermal power or Coal fired plants in India. But the use of wood based energy at household level take care 61.50% of the total energy use pattern in India. While citizens have to depend variably to at least 8 different non-renewable energy sources, alternative source of energy, renewable in nature, are always being researched to assess the region wise potential and cost per unit of production and supply.
The total electricity generation including generation from renewable sources in the country during the year 2020-21 (Upto December 2020) was 1017.8 BU as against the generation of 1055.8 BU during the same period last year, showing a reduction of 3.6%, mainly due to COVID pandemic. The target of electricity generation from conventional sources for the year 2020-21 was fixed as 1330 Billion Unit (BU). The actual generation during the year 2020-21 (Upto December 2020) was 905.9 BU as compared to prorata generation target of 1005.642 BU for the period and actual generation of 950.733 BU during the same period last year, representing an achievement of 90.1% and showing a reduction of 4.71% in growth, mainly due to COVID pandemic.
The table below shows the installed capacity (in MW) of power utilities in the State of Tripura including allocated shares in joint and central sector utilities.

Year Wise Per Capita Availability of Power in Tripura(in Kilowatt-hour)

Year Wise Availability of Power in Tripura(Net Crore Units)

2011-12	2012-13	2013-14	2014-15	2015-16	2016-17	2017-18	2018-19	2019-20	2020-21
90	105	114	105	115	162	255	184	152	148
Source: Central Electricity Authority, Ministry of Power, Government of India. Note: State totals may not tally with All India due to exclusion of certain items like Damodhar Valley Corporation (DVC), etc.

Year Wise Installed Capacity of Power in Tripura(Mega Watt)

2011-12	2012-13	2013-14	2014-15	2015-16	2016-17	2017-18	2018-19	2019-20	2020-21
265	412	433	627	677	727	733	752	764	724
Source: Central Electricity Authority, Ministry of Power, Government of India. Note: State totals may not tally with All India due to exclusion of certain items like Damodhar Valley Corporation (DVC), etc.

Year Wise Power Requirement of Tripura (Net Crore Units)

2011-12	2012-13	2013-14	2014-15	2015-16	2016-17	2017-18	2018-19	2019-20	2020-21
95	111	120	124	120	164	260	186	154	148
Source: Central Electricity Authority, Ministry of Power, Government of India. Note: State totals may not tally with All India due to exclusion of certain items like Damodhar Valley Corporation (DVC), etc.

Solar Power

The Government has set the Mission target of 100 GW by 2022 for solar power in the country. NSM Phase-II aims for achieving significantly higher scales of targets of 100 GW. Hence, Ministry has contemplated all possible options for implementation of the Mission. Selection of capacity for Phase-II, grid connected projects are done via different schemes such as Bundling, Generation Based Incentive (GBI), Viability Gap Funding (VGF) and Solar Park Scheme.
As on 31.12.2020, a total solar power capacity installed is 37.46 GW. In addition, tenders of around 36.69 GW are in pipeline for which Letter of Intent (LoI) has been issued but not commissioned and for around 18.47 GW tenders have been issued but LoI are yet to be issued. Thus, it is expected to fully achieve the target of 100 GW by 2022. It is expected that the solar power projects of around 40 GW cumulative capacity will be commissioned by March, 2021. Based upon availability of land and solar radiation, the potential Solar power in the country has been assessed to be around 750 GWp. State-wise details of estimated Solar Energy potential in the country and the cumulative installed capacity (as on 31.12.2020) are given in table below respectively.

Table: State-wise estimated Solar Energy Potential in the Country

Sl.No.	State/UTs	Solar Potentional (GWp)
1.	Andhra Pradesh	38.44
2.	Arunachal Pradesh	8.65
3.	Assam	13.76
4.	Bihar	11.20
5.	Chhattisgarh	18.27
6.	Delhi	2.05
7.	Goa	0.88
8.	Gujarat	35.77
9.	Haryana	4.56
10.	Himachal Pradesh	33.84
11.	Jammu & Kashmir	111.05
12.	Jharkhand	18.18
13.	Karnataka	24.70
14.	Kerala	6.11
15.	Madhya Pradesh	61.66
16.	Maharashtra	64.32
17.	Manipur	10.63
18.	Meghalaya	5.86
19.	Mizoram	9.09
20.	Nagaland	7.29
21.	Odisha	25.78
22.	Punjab	2.81
23.	Rajasthan	142.31
24.	Sikkim	4.94
25.	Tamil Nadu	17.67
26.	Telangana	20.41
27.	Tripura	2.08
28.	Uttar Pradesh	22.83
29.	Uttarakhand	16.80
30.	West Bengal	6.26
31.	UTs	0.79

Table: Commissioning Status of Grid Connected Solar Projects as on 31-12-2020

Sl.No.	State/UTs	Cumulative Capacity till 31-03-2020 (MW)	Capacity added in 2020-21 till 31-12 -2020 (MW)	Cumulative Capacity till 31-12-2020 (MW)
1.	Andhra Pradesh	3610.02	234.15	3844.17
2.	Arunachal Pradesh	5.61	0.00	5.61
3.	Assam	41.23	1.76	42.99
4.	Bihar	151.57	5.84	157.41
5.	Chhattisgarh	231.35	8.65	240.00
6.	Delhi	165.16	11.30	176.46
7.	Goa	4.78	0.00	4.78
8.	Gujarat	2948.37	970.11	3918.48
9.	Haryana	252.14	10.28	262.42
10.	Himachal Pradesh	32.93	9.80	42.73
11.	Jammu & Kashmir	19.30	1.43	20.73
12.	Jharkhand	38.40	0.66	39.06
13.	Karnataka	7277.92	50.94	7328.86
14.	Kerala	142.23	4.69	146.92
15.	Madhya Pradesh	2258.45	181.69	2440.14
16.	Maharashtra	1801.80	94.02	1895.82
17.	Manipur	5.16	1.20	6.36
18.	Meghalaya	0.12	0.00	0.12
19.	Mizoram	1.52	0.01	1.53
20.	Nagaland	1.00	0.00	1.00
21.	Odisha	397.84	1.76	399.60
22.	Punjab	947.10	0.00	947.10
23.	Rajasthan	5137.91	251.57	5389.48
24.	Sikkim	0.07	0.00	0.07
25.	Tamil Nadu	3915.88	399.90	4315.78
26.	Telangana	3620.75	315.61	3936.36
27.	Tripura	9.41	0.00	9.41
28.	Uttar Pradesh	1095.10	197.75	1292.85
29.	Uttarakhand	315.90	4.54	320.44
30.	West Bengal	114.46	35.38	149.84

Off Grid and Decentralised Solar PV Applications Programme

Under Off-Grid and Decentralized Solar PV Applications Programme, Ministry has been providing Central Financial Assistance (CFA) for deployment of Solar Street lights, Solar Study Lamps and Solar Power Packs to meet out the electricity and lighting needs of the local communities/institutions/ individuals in the rural areas. Programme is being implemented mainly through State Nodal Agencies (SNAs). Further, installation of standalone solar pumps, solarization of existing agricultural pumps and installation of grid-connected solar power plants up to 2 MW is being done under PM-KUSUM Scheme. Over 216 MW capacity solar PV off-grid power packs / power plants have been installed till 31.12.2020

Table: Cumulative Capacity installed under Off-grid SPV Programme as on 2020-21

Sl. No.	Agencies	Solar Home Light (Nos)	Solar lamp (Nos)	Solar Street Light (Nos)	Solar Pump (Nos)	Solar Power Plant (kW)
1	Tripura	32723	253443	6284	151	867

Table: Capacity installed under Off-grid SPV Programme during 2020-21

Sl. No.	Agencies	Solar Home Light (Nos)	Solar lamp (Nos)	Solar Street Light (Nos)	Solar Pump (Nos)	Solar Power Plant (kW)
1	Tripura	0	188642	4294	0	0

Off-Grid & Decentralised Solar PV Applications Scheme: Phase-III

Under the scheme for Solar Street lights and off-grid Solar Power Plants, CFA of 30% of the benchmark cost or tender cost, whichever is lower, of the system is available for General category States and 90% of the benchmark cost or tender cost, whichever is lower, of the system is available for NE States, Hilly States/UTs and Island UTs. Solar study lamps for students are being provided in North-eastern States and Left Wing Extremism (LWE) affected areas with 85% Financial support from the Central Government.

Sl. No.	State	Solar Street Lights (Nos.)		Solar Study Lamps (Nos.)		Solar Power Packs (kWp)
		Sanctioned Quantity	Installed Quantity	Sanctioned Quantity	Installed Quantity	Sanctioned Quantity	Installed Quantity
1	Tripura	12,000	3,570	3,00,000	1,89,431	-	-

Biogas Development

Under the National Biogas and Organic Manure Programme, eight Biogas Development and Training Centers (BDTCs) have been established with the objective to set up good quality biogas plants as per established technical criteria and to generate sustained trained manpower in the sector of Biogas Technology. Their main functions are to extend Technical, Training and Publicity support required by the States/ UTs for the beneficiaries, including training and skill development in Biogas sector, dissemination of knowledge and publicity of biogas schemes in close co-ordination with the State Programme Implementing Agencies of NNBOMP.
A target of setting up 60,000 small Biogas Plants has been allocated to the States/ UTs for the year 2020-21. The progress under the New National Biogas and Organic Manure Programme (NNBOMP); estimated potential and cumulative achievements of small biogas plants under the NNBOMP up to 31.03.2020 and cumulative achievements as on 31.01.2021 for the state of Tripura is given in table below.

State	Estimated Potential (Nos. of Biogas Plant units)	Cumulative achievement up to 2019-20 (31/03/2020) (Nos. of Biogas Plant units)	Targets and achievements under NNBOMP during 2020-21 (Biogas Plants in nos.)
			Target (2020-21)	Total achievements of 2020-21 (as on 31.01.2021)
Tripura	28000	3710	600	04
Source : Annual Report of Ministry of New & Renewable Energy, Government of India

Renewable Energy in the North-Eastern States

Special attention is being given to the development of renewable energy in the entire North Eastern region through a separate budgetary allocation of 10% under various Renewable Energy programmes for deployment of grid and off-grid Solar Energy Systems, Wind Energy Systems, Small Hydro Projects and Bio-gas Plants among others, in the region.
A total of estimated potential for renewable energy in the North Eastern Region from Solar, Small Hydro and Bio-energy is around 65,837 MW, a substantial part of which is suitable for grid connected applications. State-wise details is shown in the table below.

Sl.No.	States	Small Hydro Power	Bio-Energy		Solar	Total
			Biomass Power	Waste To Energy
		(MW)	(MW)	(MW)	(MW)	(MW)
1	Arunachal Pradesh	2064.92	8	-	8650	10723
2	Assam	201.99	212	8	13760	14182
3	Manipur	99.95	13	2	10630	10745
4	Meghalaya	230.05	11	2	5860	6103
5	Mizoram	168.90	1	2	9090	9261
6	Nagaland	182.18	10	-	7290	7482
7	Sikkim	266.64	2	-	4940	5209
8	Tripura	46.86	3	2	2080	2132
Source : Annual Report of Ministry of New & Renewable Energy, Government of India

The state-wise status of Grid-Connected, Renewable Energy capacity installed, as on 31.12.2020, in the North-Eastern Region is given in the table below.

Sl.No.	States & Union Territories	Small Hydro Power	Bio-Power	Solar Power	Total Capacity	Capacity Addition during 2020-21
1	Arunachal Pradesh	131.105	-	5.61	136.72	0
2	Assam	34.11	2.00	42.99	79.10	3.76
3	Manipur	5.45	-	6.36	11.81	1.2
4	Meghalaya	32.53	13.80	0.12	46.45	0
5	Mizoram	36.47	-	1.53	38.00	0.01
6	Nagaland	30.67	-	1.00	31.67	0
7	Sikkim	52.11	-	0.07	52.18	0
8	Tripura	16.01	-	9.41	25.42	0
Source : Annual Report of Ministry of New & Renewable Energy, Government of India

Small Hydro Power Programme

North-Eastern States of India have a fairly good potential to develop Small Hydro Power projects. Among the NE States, Arunachal Pradesh has the highest potential followed by Sikkim, Meghalaya and Mizoram. MNRE has been giving special emphasis for the development of Small Hydro projects in the NE region. SHP projects can provide energy almost uninterrupted without any major maintenance or dependence on weather. The region, which is beleaguered by large energy deficits and poor quality of energy services, can benefit from greater decentralization and accountability associated with Small Hydro Power projects. Small Hydro Power projects can generate sufficient electricity to power domestic households, schools and clinics in rural areas and catalyse entrepreneurship activities. The State-wise installed capacity vis-a-vis potential is given in the table below:

Sl. No.	State	Total Potential		Total Installed
		Numbers	Capacity (MW)	Numbers	Capacity (MW)
1	Arunachal Pradesh	800	2064.92	156	131.11
2	Assam	106	201.99	6	34.11
3	Manipur	110	99.95	8	5.45
4	Meghalaya	97	230.05	5	32.53
5	Mizoram	72	168.9	18	36.47
6	Nagaland	98	182.18	12	30.67
7	Sikkim	88	266.64	17	52.11
8	Tripura	13	46.86	3	16.01
Source : Annual Report of Ministry of New & Renewable Energy, Government of India

Solar Photovoltaic Systems Installed (in numbers)

2019	2020	2019	2020	2019	2020	2019	2020	2019	2020
Lanterns & Lamps		Home Lights		Street Lights		Pumps		Stand Alone Power Plants
64282	253443	32723	32723	1199	6284	151	151	867	867
Source: Ministry of New & Renewable Energy